Apparatus:
1. UPS setup box.
2. Connecting cables.
3. Multimeters
Theory:
Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS):- UPS is the abbreviation for Uninterruptible Power Supply, and is a device which supplies power to devices for a fixed amount of time without stopping even when there are problems occurring with utility power and other power sources. In this present-day highly information-orientated society, the work tasks of many industries, including manufacturing, service and medical, operate on networks. For this reason, network system stoppages have an enormous impact on society and as such, the importance of UPS to provide these systems with a stable power supply is increasing.
Due to power outages, the first UPS was built in the 1960's to protect sensitive equipment. This first unit had 4 important components. A Battery, Inverter, Charger and a Transfer switch. Today these 4 components are still the main building blocks of any UPS. The boost in the computer industry enhanced sales of UPS's. This led to the development of highly complex systems which enhances the protection, supervisory circuits, self-checking and communication functions.
UPS stands for Uninterruptible Power Supply. It is an instrument connected between the electric grid (ESCOM) and the consumer (computer). It comprises of electric hardware and rechargeable batteries.
The aim of the instrument is to supply continuous undisturbed and conditioned power to the critical load. The energy for powering the load comes from the utility, or from the battery upon mains outage.
Basic structure :- UPS consists of the following circuits and the battery. In the event of a power outage or failure occurring in the AC input, the UPS continues supplying power from the batteries to the AC output.
(1) Rectifier: Circuit which converts AC power to DC power.
(2) Inverter: Circuit which converts DC power to AC power.
(3) Bypass: Circuit which directly outputs AC power.
(4) Switch: Circuit which switches between inverter output and bypass output.
Online /offline UPS:-
Offline UPS’s are the simplest and least expensive. When mains is present, it is routed straight through the UPS bypassing the inverter to the output. A degree of filtering is providing ensuring limited protection against spikes and other irregularities. The batteries are charged the whole time, but only in the event of a power failure will the load be fed by the inverter. The switching from mains to inverter supply (generally referred to as Transfer Time ) usually takes a few milliseconds
However, a modern computer‟s or office system‟s internal power supply has sufficient power stored within it to survive this brief interruption of power – ensuring uninterrupted operation of the load equipment. Online UPS’s take the incoming AC mains supply and convert it to DC which feeds the battery and the load via the inverter. If the mains supply fails, then the batteries feed the load via the inverter with no interruption to the output supply at all. An Online system, by nature of the dual conversion design (AC-DC / DC- AC), ensures a far higher degree of isolation of the load from the
irregularities on the mains supply. In general, Plug N Play Online systems are more expensive than similar Offline solutions because the inverter has to be rated for continuous operation.
Steps for Installation of UPS :-
1. CHOOSING THE RIGHT COMPANY: There are several factors to consider when it comes to commissioning a new UPS unit. However, the most important decision you can make is partnering with a true consultative resource that makes a concerted effort to guide you through the entire decision making process.
2. DECIDING WHICH UPS IS RIGHT FOR YOU:
What exactly will the UPS be protecting? Servers, medical equipment, manufacturing equipment,
telephony, etc? It‟s important to first understand what your needs are before deciding what UPS is best for your specific needs. What is your runtime requirement?
Will your organization experience load growth or significant reduction in the next few years?
3. INSTALLING THE UPS SYSTEM:-
PRE-INSTALLATION: Before the installing occurs, an extensive Site Survey may need to be performed. It is imperative to select the best location and design for your UPS system prior to install.
COMMISSIONING: Once the UPS system has been selected, the real work begins. Proper project management and commissioning is key to a successful installation. During a new or replacement project, ensuring that all the appropriate stakeholders are involved is crucial.
POST-INSTALLATION: Most UPS systems come with a limited factory warranty, however most warranties do not include routine PM inspections. It is imperative to have a plan for service during warranty and once that warranty expires. Similar to a car‟s engine, a UPS system needs regular maintenance at regular intervals. Proper preventative maintenance along with replacing batteries, capacitors and fans is a crucial step to protecting your investment.
