Vocabulary Test (76-135)
Please enter your name to begin the test.
English Vocabulary Test
Answered: 0/50
Please answer at least 25 questions to submit.
Test Result
Correct Answers
Questions Attempted
Information Technology
ICTSM: The Unseen Force Behind Seamless Operations.
.jpeg)
Industrial Visit
Beyond the Classroom, into the Industry. Connecting Theory to the Real World, Where Skills Get Real.
The Blueprint for Success is in Your Hands.
Hands-on Training for a Head-Start Career.
Technology Made Simple
The Expertise to Uncomplicate Your World.
Where Minds and Machines Connect.
Transforming Ideas into Digital Reality.
Monday, 13 October 2025
ENGLISH MCQ TEST FROM 1-75 WORDS
Vocabulary Test (1-75)
Please enter your name to begin the test.
English Vocabulary Test
Answered: 0/50
Please answer at least 25 questions to submit.
Test Result
Correct Answers
Questions Attempted
Friday, 10 October 2025
Theory - 15 :- Self Anf Mutual Inductance And Co efficient of Coupling
Mutual Inductance Describes the phenomenon where a change in current in one coil induces an electromotive force (EMF), or voltage, in a nearby coil. This occurs because the changing current in the first coil creates a changing magnetic field, which in turn passes through the second coil and induces a voltage. This principle is the foundation for transformers, motors, generators, and wireless charging technology. The SI unit for mutual inductance is the Henry (H).
Factors Affecting Mutual Inductance
Several factors influence the mutual inductance (M) between two coils:
Number of Turns: A higher number of turns in either coil results in a greater mutual inductance.
Physical Dimensions and Proximity: The closer the coils are to each other, the stronger the magnetic coupling and the higher the mutual inductance. The shape, size, and orientation of the coils also play a significant role.
Core Material: The material within and around the coils affects the magnetic field. A core made of a ferromagnetic material, like iron, concentrates the magnetic flux lines, significantly increasing the mutual inductance compared to an air core.
The negative sign indicates that the induced EMF opposes the change in current, a principle known as Lenz's Law.
Similarly, a changing current in the second coil will induce an EMF in the first:
Coefficient of Coupling
The coefficient of coupling (k) is a measure of how effectively the magnetic flux from one coil links with another. It's a dimensionless quantity that ranges from 0 to 1.
k = 0: This indicates no coupling. None of the magnetic flux from one coil links with the other. The coils are magnetically isolated.
k = 1: This represents perfect or tight coupling, where all of the magnetic flux from one coil links with the other. This is the ideal scenario for devices like transformers.
0 < k < 1: This is the practical range for most applications, indicating loose coupling.
The coefficient of coupling is related to the mutual inductance (M) and the self-inductances of the two coils (L1 and L2) by the following formula:
This equation can be rearranged to express mutual inductance in terms of the self inductances and the coupling coefficient:
This relationship shows that for given self-inductances, a higher coefficient of coupling results in a greater mutual inductance. In essence, the coefficient of coupling quantifies the efficiency of the magnetic linkage between the coils, which is a crucial parameter in the design and performance of inductively coupled circuits.
Tuesday, 7 October 2025
Practical - 15 :- Study of LCR meter
1. Objective
This experiment aims to familiarize the student with the properties of an inductor. Upon completion, you will be able to:
Measure the DC resistance and inductance of a coil.
Determine the inductive reactance (
) and impedance (Z) of the coil at various frequencies.
Calculate the power factor and the phase angle (φ) for the circuit.
Analyze the relationship between frequency, inductive reactance, and impedance.
2. Apparatus Required
Function Generator
Digital LCR Meter
Digital Multimeter (DMM)
AC Milliammeter (0-300mA range)
Inductor Coil (Choke)
Connecting Wires
3. Theory
An inductor is a passive electrical component that stores energy in a magnetic field when electric current flows through it. A practical inductor or coil consists of a wire winding and thus possesses both inductance (L) and some inherent DC resistance (R).
Inductive Reactance (XL): This is the opposition offered by the inductor to the flow of alternating current. It is directly proportional to the frequency (f) of the AC signal and the inductance (L) of the coil. It is measured in Ohms (Ω)
Impedance (Z): In an AC circuit, the impedance is the total opposition to current flow. For a real inductor (modeled as a series RL circuit), it is the vector sum of its internal resistance (R) and its inductive reactance (XL). It is also measured in Ohms (Ω).
From Ohm's Law for AC circuits, impedance can also be found by:
Power Factor (cos φ): This is the ratio of the circuit's resistance to its impedance. It represents the phase difference between the voltage and current.
The phase angle φ can be found by ϕ=arccos(ZR).
4. Circuit Diagram
The circuit consists of a function generator (AC source) connected in series with an AC ammeter and the inductor coil. A voltmeter is connected in parallel across the coil to measure the applied voltage.
5. Procedure
Measure DC Resistance: Set the Digital Multimeter (DMM) to measure resistance. Measure and record the internal DC resistance (R) of the inductor coil.
Measure Inductance: Set the Digital LCR meter to measure inductance. Measure and record the inductance (L) of the same coil.
Construct the Circuit: Assemble the circuit as shown in the diagram above. Ensure all connections are secure.
Set Initial Parameters: Turn on the function generator and set it to produce a sine wave with an output voltage of 6 V (rms) and a frequency of 100 Hz.
Record Current: Note and record the AC current (
Vary the Frequency: Keeping the output voltage constant at 6 V (rms), increase the frequency in steps as outlined in the observation table (e.g., 120 Hz, 1 kHz, etc.). At each frequency step, measure and record the corresponding AC current.
Calculations: After recording all measurements, turn off the power supply. Use the recorded data to calculate the impedance (Z), inductive reactance (
6. Observation and Calculation Table
A. Direct Measurements
DC Resistance of the coil (R) = ____________
Inductance of the coil (L) from LCR Meter = ____________ mH
B. AC Circuit Measurements & Calculations
Applied Voltage (
| Sl. No. | Frequency ( | Measured Current ( | Impedance ( | Inductive Reactance ( | Calculated Inductance ( | Power Factor ( | Phase Angle ( |
| (Hz) | (A) | ( | ( | (H) | (degrees) | ||
| 1 | 100 Hz | ||||||
| 2 | 120 Hz | ||||||
| 3 | 500 Hz | ||||||
| 4 | 1 kHz | ||||||
| 5 | 2 kHz |
7. Results and Conclusion
The inductance of the coil as measured by the LCR meter is _________ H.
The average inductance calculated from the AC measurements is _________ H.
As the frequency of the AC signal increases, the inductive reactance (
As the frequency increases, the total impedance (Z) of the coil ____________ (increases/decreases).
Compare the value of inductance from the LCR meter with the average value calculated from the experiment. Discuss any significant differences found.
8. Precautions
Ensure the AC ammeter and voltmeter are set to the appropriate AC ranges.
Make sure all connections are tight and correct before switching on the power supply.
When taking readings from analog meters, avoid parallax error by viewing the needle from directly above.
Do not leave the circuit powered on for an unnecessarily long time.
