Translate

Search This Blog

Information Technology

ICTSM: The Unseen Force Behind Seamless Operations.

Industrial Visit

Beyond the Classroom, into the Industry. Connecting Theory to the Real World, Where Skills Get Real.

The Blueprint for Success is in Your Hands.

Hands-on Training for a Head-Start Career.

Technology Made Simple

The Expertise to Uncomplicate Your World.

Where Minds and Machines Connect.

Transforming Ideas into Digital Reality.

Friday, 26 September 2025

MCQ For " English Language Awareness" From 51 to 75 Words

By  September 26, 2025  ,  No comments
Professional English-Gujarati Vocabulary Quiz (Words 51-75)

ITI TO IIT Daily English Word Practice Quiz

25 MCQs: Vocabulary Builder (Words 51 to 75)
1. The sentence "The team members support each other" highlights which Gujarati meaning?
2. Which of the following words is a synonym for Assist?
3. What is the Gujarati meaning of Collaborate?
4. To Cooperate means to work together for a common goal, which is similar to:
5. The verb Delegate is best translated in Gujarati as:
6. What action is taken when you Approve a document?
7. The action of Edit means to:
8. The Gujarati meaning of Manage is:
9. To Maintain a system means to:
10. Which term is best described by the Gujarati meaning દેખરેખ રાખવી?
11. The English verb Negotiate translates to:
12. When you Present a proposal, you:
13. What is the Gujarati meaning of Report?
14. The term Research means:
15. The process of Schedule involves:
16. Which of the following describes the meaning of Suggest?
17. The Gujarati meaning for the verb Summarize is:
18. The word Utilize means:
19. Which action is the same as to Verify?
20. The Gujarati meaning of Withdraw is:
21. To Adjust the settings means to:
22. The action of Distribute is equivalent to:
23. What is the Gujarati meaning of Ignore?
24. The best translation for Plan is:
25. The word Include is used when you:
Read More

MCQ For " English Language Awareness" From 26 to 50 Words

By  September 26, 2025  ,  No comments
Professional English-Gujarati Vocabulary Quiz (Words 26-50)

ITI TO IIT Daily English Word Practice Quiz

25 MCQs: Vocabulary Builder (Words 26 to 50)
1. What is the Gujarati meaning of Prepare?
2. The sentence "He received the parcel yesterday" is an example for which English word?
3. What does the English word Solve mean in Gujarati?
4. Which word is associated with the Gujarati meaning ચકાસવું / પરીક્ષણ કરવું?
5. What is the Gujarati translation for the sentence "The company will train new employees"?
6. The Gujarati meaning of Construct is:
7. Which English word means નિયંત્રિત કરવું in Gujarati?
8. The example sentence "The teacher will evaluate the students' performance" translates to:
9. What is the main idea behind the verb Finalize?
10. If an officer inspected the factory, what did they do?
11. "He apologized for his mistake." What is the Gujarati meaning of the bolded word?
12. The verb Clarify means to:
13. The English sentence for the Gujarati example "તેણે યોજનાનું વિગતવાર વર્ણન કર્યું" is:
14. Organize means:
15. What action did the teacher take when they reviewed the test papers?
16. The Principal announced the holiday. What is the Gujarati verb for "announced"?
17. Communicate is best described in Gujarati as:
18. What English word is used for સમજાવવું?
19. The sentence "Students participated in the competition" means:
20. If "She responded quickly to the email," what did she do?
21. What is the Gujarati meaning of Forward?
22. The verb Guide is translated as:
23. The English sentence "The report highlights the key issues" translates to:
24. If the school implemented new rules, what did they do?
25. The officer instructed the team to start work. What is the Gujarati equivalent of the bolded word?
Read More

MCQ For " English Language Awareness" From 1 to 25 Words

By  September 26, 2025  ,  No comments
Deferred Feedback Vocabulary Quiz (Words 1-25)

Multiple Choice Quiz (Words 1-25)

Choose the correct **Gujarati Meaning** for the given English word.

1. Assign
2. Attend
3. Approve
4. Contribute
5. Discuss
6. Confirm
7. Inform
8. Prepare
9. Submit
10. Support
11. Arrange
12. Improve
13. Provide
14. Recommend
15. Report
16. Arrange
17. Collect
18. Deliver
19. Explain
20. Invite
21. Review
22. Manage
23. Schedule
24. Organize
25. Operate
Read More

Wednesday, 24 September 2025

Practical - 11 :- Soldering Resistors on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB)

By  September 24, 2025  ,  No comments


AIM :- Soldering Resistors on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB)

Objective 🎯

To learn and practice the skill of soldering resistors correctly and safely onto a general-purpose PCB.

Materials and Equipment 🛠️

Tools & Instruments:

  • Trainee's Toolkit (including wire cutters/strippers)

  • Soldering Iron (25W)

  • Soldering Iron Stand

  • Soldering Tip Cleaning Sponge (dampened)

  • Cleaning Brush (stiff, like a toothbrush)

Materials & Components:

  • General Purpose PCB

  • Resistors (quantity as required)

  • Solder Wire (60/40 Grade)

  • Flux

  • Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) Solution for cleaning

Safety Precautions ⚠️

  • HOT IRON: The soldering iron reaches very high temperatures. Always place it in the stand when not in use. Never touch the metal tip.

  • AVOID OVERHEATING: Do not hold the iron on the PCB pad for more than 2-3 seconds. Overheating can permanently damage the copper track, causing it to peel off the board.

  • PREVENT SHORT CIRCUITS: Use only a small amount of solder. Excessive solder can flow and accidentally connect two separate pads (a "solder bridge"), causing a short circuit.

  • VENTILATION: Work in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling fumes from the melting flux.

  • EYE PROTECTION: It is advisable to wear safety glasses.

Procedure ⚙️ 

Step 1: Preparation

  1. Inspect the PCB: Check both the component side and the copper side of the board to ensure it is clean and undamaged.

  2. Prepare the Resistors: Bend the leads (pins) of each resistor at a 90° angle so they can be easily inserted into the holes on the PCB.

Step 2: Component Placement 3. Plan the Layout: Decide where you will place the resistors on the PCB. 4. Insert the Resistors: Push the resistor leads through the designated holes from the component side (the side without copper tracks). Press the resistor so it sits flat against the board. 5. Secure the Component: Turn the PCB over. Bend the leads outwards at a slight angle to hold the resistor in place so it doesn't fall out during soldering.

Step 3: Soldering 6. Heat the Iron: Turn on the soldering iron and let it reach the proper temperature. Clean the hot tip on the damp sponge. 7. Apply Flux: Apply a small amount of flux to the point where the resistor lead meets the copper pad on the PCB. 8. Heat the Joint: Touch the tip of the hot soldering iron to both the resistor lead and the copper pad simultaneously. 9. Apply Solder: Hold the iron in place for 1-2 seconds, then bring the tip of the solder wire to the heated joint (touch the lead and pad, not the iron). It should melt and flow smoothly, forming a neat, volcano-shaped connection. 10. Remove Iron: Remove the solder wire first, and then immediately remove the soldering iron. 11. Repeat: Solder the other pins of the resistors in the same manner.

Step 4: Finishing and Inspection 12. Trim Excess Leads: After the solder joints have cooled, use a wire cutter to trim the excess length of the resistor leads as close to the joint as possible. 13. Clean the Board: Pour a small amount of IPA solution onto the soldered area and use the cleaning brush to scrub away any leftover flux residue. This prevents corrosion and allows for a clear inspection. 14. Final Check: Inspect your work. A good solder joint should be shiny and cone-shaped. Ensure there are no solder bridges between pads. Have your instructor review your completed work.

Read More

Practical - 13 :- Experiment to Indentify and Check VDR And LDR

By  September 24, 2025  ,  No comments

 

Required Apparatus

  • A digital multimeter with resistance measurement functionality (Ohmmeter).

  • A variable DC power supply.

  • A breadboard for creating a simple circuit.

  • Connecting wires.

  • A light source (like a flashlight or a lamp).

  • The VDR and LDR to be tested.

Experimental Procedure

This single method involves a series of steps to systematically identify and check both components.

Step 1: Visual Inspection and Initial Resistance Measurement

  1. Visual Cue: Visually inspect the two components. LDRs typically have a serpentine pattern on their top surface, which is the light-sensitive area. VDRs are often disc-shaped, resembling a ceramic capacitor, and are commonly blue or brown.

  2. Baseline Resistance:

    • Set the multimeter to the resistance measurement mode (Ω).

    • Connect the multimeter probes to the leads of the first component.

    • Record the resistance reading in normal ambient light.

    • Repeat this process for the second component.

Observation and Inference: A functional LDR will show a certain resistance value that is likely to be in the kilohm (kΩ) range in ambient light. A functional VDR, at the low voltage applied by a multimeter, will exhibit a very high resistance, often reading as "OL" (over-limit) or infinite on the multimeter, indicating an open circuit.



Step 2: Identification and Testing of the LDR

  1. Light Test:

    • Take the component that showed a finite resistance in the previous step (the suspected LDR).

    • Shine a bright light directly onto its top surface.

    • Observation: The resistance reading on the multimeter should drop significantly, potentially to a few hundred ohms.

  2. Darkness Test:

    • Cover the top surface of the same component with your finger or an opaque object to block out all light.

    • Observation: The resistance reading on the multimeter should increase substantially, possibly into the megaohm (MΩ) range.

Conclusion for LDR: If the component's resistance varies significantly with changes in light intensity, it is identified as an LDR, and this test also confirms its functionality.

Step 3: Identification and Testing of the VDR  

  1. Initial Indication: The component that initially showed an extremely high (or infinite) resistance and did not respond to the light test is the suspected VDR.

  2. Voltage Dependence Test (Functional Check):

    • Caution: This step involves a power supply and should be performed with care. Ensure the initial voltage is set to zero.

    • Construct a simple series circuit on the breadboard with the variable DC power supply, the suspected VDR, and the multimeter set to measure current (ammeter). Connect a second multimeter in parallel across the VDR to measure voltage.

    • Slowly begin to increase the voltage from the power supply.

    • Observation: Initially, you will observe a very small, almost negligible, current flowing through the VDR. As you continue to increase the voltage and approach the VDR's rated "clamping voltage" (this value is specific to the VDR model), you will observe a sudden and sharp increase in the current flowing through it. This indicates that the VDR's resistance has dropped dramatically.

Conclusion for VDR: If the component's resistance remains very high at low voltages and then suddenly decreases, allowing a significant current to flow when a specific threshold voltage is reached, it is identified as a VDR, and its basic functionality is confirmed.

Read More

Pradctical- 12 :- Experiment to Identify and Test Thermistors ( NTC , PTC )

By  September 24, 2025  ,  No comments

 

Aim :- How to Identify and Test Thermistors

  1. Safety First: Ensure the thermistor is disconnected from any powered circuit before you begin.

  2. Initial Resistance Measurement:

    • Set your multimeter to measure resistance in ohms (Ω).

    • Connect the probes of the multimeter to the thermistor's leads.

    • Record the resistance reading at room temperature (approximately 25°C). 


  1. Apply Heat:

    • Use a heat source like a heat gun, soldering iron, or even just your fingers to gently warm the thermistor.

  2. Observe Resistance Change:

    • NTC Thermistor: If the resistance reading on your multimeter decreases as the temperature of the thermistor increases, it's an NTC type. This is because NTC thermistors are designed so their resistance is inversely proportional to temperature.

    • PTC Thermistor: If the resistance reading on your multimeter increases as the temperature of the thermistor increases, it's a PTC type. PTC thermistors are used as resettable fuses because they can quickly increase their resistance to limit current flow when a certain temperature is reached.

  3. Record and Analyze: For a more formal experiment, you can use a thermometer to measure the temperature at various points and record the corresponding resistance values. Plotting a graph of resistance vs. temperature for both thermistors will visually demonstrate their distinct characteristics.

    4. Image of NTC and PTC thermistor Resistance vs Temperature graph
    The experiment demonstrates the fundamental characteristic that differentiates NTC and PTC thermistors: their temperature coefficient. NTC thermistors have a negative coefficient, while PTC thermistors have a positive one.




Read More

Monday, 22 September 2025

Experimet- 10 :- Verification Of Ohm's :Law , Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) And Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)

By  September 22, 2025  ,  No comments

Aim: To verify ohm’s law 


Material required : A resistor of about 5 Ω, an ammeter ( 0 - 3 A), a voltmeter (0 - 10 V), four dry cells of 1.5 V each with a cell holder (or a battery eliminator), a plug key, connecting wires, and a piece of sand paper. 

Precautions : All the electrical connections must be neat and tight.  Voltmeter and Ammeter must be of proper range.  The key should be inserted only while taking readings. 
























Procedure : 

  1. Draw the circuit diagram as shown above. 
  2. Arrange the apparatus as per the circuit diagram. 
  3. Clean the ends of the connecting wires with sand paper and make them shiny. 
  4. Make the connections as per circuit diagram. All connections must be neat and tight. Take care to connect the ammeter and voltmeter with their correct polarity. (+ve to +ve and -ve to - ve). 
  5. Determine the zero error and least count of the ammeter and voltmeter and record them. 
  6. Adjust the rheostat to pass a low current. 
  7. Insert the key K and slide the rheostat contact to see whether the ammeter and voltmeter are showing deflections properly. 
  8. Adjust the rheostat to get a small deflection in ammeter and voltmeter. 
  9. Record the readings of the ammeter and voltmeter. 
  10. Take atleast six sets of readings by adjusting the rheostat gradually. 
  11. Plot a graph with V along x-axis and I along y-axis. 
  12. The graph will be a straight line which verifies Ohm's law. 
  13. Determine the slope of the V-I graph. The reciprocal of the slope gives resistance of the wire.

Observations:

 Range of the given ammeter=.................... A. 
 Least count of the given ammeter = ..................... A. 
 Range of the given voltmeter = .....................V. 
 Least count of the given voltmeter = .....................V. 
 Mean value of V/I from observations, R = .......... Ω. 

Observation from graph:

 Slope of I vs V graph = ........... 
 R from graph = 1/ slope = .............. Ω







Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) Experiment

Theory

Kirchhoff's Current Law states that the algebraic sum of currents at any junction (or node) in a circuit is zero. This means the sum of currents entering a node must equal the sum of currents leaving that node. This law is based on the conservation of charge, as charge cannot be created or destroyed.  




Procedure

  1. Obtain a suitable circuit diagram with at least one junction where three or more branches meet.

  2. Connect the circuit on the trainer kit as per the diagram, using resistors and a DC power supply.

  3. Adjust the input voltage to a desired value using the adjuster.

  4. Connect ammeters in series with each branch leading to or from the junction.

  5. Record the current readings for each branch. Note which currents are entering the junction and which are leaving.

  6. Repeat the procedure for different input voltage settings to obtain multiple sets of observations.  


  7. Verify KCL by checking if the sum of currents entering the junction equals the sum of currents leaving the junction for each set of readings.

    • Example: If I1​ and I2​ enter a node and I3​ leaves, then .

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) Experiment

Theory

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law states that the algebraic sum of all potential drops in a closed loop (or mesh) of an electric circuit is equal to the algebraic sum of all electromotive forces (EMFs) in that same loop. In simpler terms, the sum of voltage drops across resistors in a closed loop equals the total source voltage in that loop. This law is based on the conservation of energy. 


Procedure

  1. Obtain a suitable circuit diagram containing at least one closed loop with multiple components (e.g., resistors and a voltage source).

  2. Connect the circuit on the trainer kit as per the diagram.

  3. Adjust the input voltage to a desired value.

  4. Connect voltmeters in parallel across each component (resistors and voltage sources) within the chosen loop.

  5. Record the voltage readings across each component.

  6. Repeat the procedure for different input voltage settings. 


  7. Verify KVL by checking if the sum of voltage drops across the resistors equals the total source voltage in the loop.

    • Example: If a loop has a source VS​ and resistors R1​, R2​, and R3​, then .

Conclusion


Read More