Hardware Installation: PCI Express Graphics Card (GPU)
System Hardware Maintenance & Upgrades Module
Aim / Objective
To safely align, insert, secure, and configure a PCI Express (PCIe) Dedicated Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) on a desktop motherboard, connect supplementary PCIe power connectors, and verify driver initialization.
Tools & Components Required
| Item Name | Specification / Details | Quantity |
|---|---|---|
| PCIe Graphics Card | x16 Form Factor (Dedicated GPU) | 1 Unit |
| Phillips Screwdriver | PH1 / PH2 Magnetic Tip | 1 Unit |
| Anti-Static Equipment | ESD Wrist Strap & Mat | 1 Set |
| Power Supply Unit (PSU) | With 6-pin / 8-pin PCIe power cables | 1 Unit |
Installation Procedure
Safety Preparation & Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protocol
Shut down the system completely. Flip the Power Supply switch to '0' and disconnect the AC power cord. Connect the anti-static wrist strap to an unpainted grounded metal surface of the chassis to discharge static electricity.
Case Access & Bracket Clearance
Unscrew and remove the side access panel. Locate the primary PCI Express x16 slot on the motherboard (closest to the CPU socket) and remove the corresponding rear expansion slot covers on the case chassis using a Phillips screwdriver.
Figure 1: Identification of Motherboard PCIe x16 Slot & Rear Retention Latch
Card Alignment and Seating
Ensure the PCIe slot plastic retention lock is in the open position. Align the graphics card edge connector precisely over the slot. Press down firmly with balanced pressure on both ends until the retention lock engages with an audible click.
Figure 2: Proper Alignment & Insertion Technique for Double-Width GPU
Mechanical Security & Power Hookup
Secure the card's metal bracket to the computer case frame using chassis screws. Locate the dedicated 6-pin or 8-pin PCIe power leads from the power supply unit and plug them securely into the GPU top/rear power receptacles.
Reassembly, Cable Routing & Display Verification
Reattach the side panel. Connect the monitor signal cable (HDMI/DisplayPort) directly to the **graphics card output ports**, not the motherboard integrated port. Power on the system, enter BIOS/UEFI to verify detection, and initialize driver installation within the Operating System.
Safety & Handling Precautions
- Always hold the graphics card by its printed circuit board (PCB) edges or cooling shroud; avoid direct contact with gold-plated contact pins or surface-mount components.
- Verify Power Supply Wattage (TDP) rating before installation to avoid system instability under peak graphical load.
- Never force the card into the slot. If resistance is met, verify alignment and check if the slot lock lever is unlatched.