Computer motherboard form factors refer to the standardized sizes and layouts of motherboards, which dictate their physical dimensions, mounting hole locations, and connector placements. Different form factors are designed to accommodate various case sizes, component configurations, and usage scenarios. Here are some common computer motherboard form factors:
ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended): ATX is the most popular motherboard form factor for desktop PCs. It typically measures around 12" x 9.6" (305 mm x 244 mm) and provides ample space for expansion slots, RAM slots, and connectors. ATX motherboards are widely compatible with ATX cases and offer a good balance of features and expandability.
MicroATX (mATX): MicroATX motherboards are smaller than ATX boards, typically measuring around 9.6" x 9.6" (244 mm x 244 mm). They offer fewer expansion slots and connectors compared to ATX, making them suitable for smaller cases or budget-oriented builds. MicroATX motherboards are compatible with both MicroATX and ATX cases.
Mini-ITX: Mini-ITX is the smallest standard motherboard form factor, measuring around 6.7" x 6.7" (170 mm x 170 mm). Despite their compact size, Mini-ITX motherboards can accommodate a CPU socket, RAM slots, expansion slots (usually limited to one PCIe slot), and various connectors. Mini-ITX motherboards are popular for small form factor (SFF) and compact PC builds.
Extended ATX (E-ATX): Extended ATX motherboards are larger than standard ATX boards, typically measuring over 12" in width. They offer additional expansion slots and connectors compared to ATX, making them suitable for high-end desktops or workstations with multiple GPUs, storage devices, and other peripherals. E-ATX motherboards may require compatible cases with extra space and mounting points.
FlexATX: FlexATX is a compact motherboard form factor designed for space-constrained environments or specialized applications. It measures around 9" x 7.5" (229 mm x 191 mm) and offers limited expansion options compared to larger form factors. FlexATX motherboards are commonly used in small form factor PCs, embedded systems, or industrial applications.
XL-ATX: XL-ATX is an extended version of the ATX form factor, offering additional space for more expansion slots and connectors. XL-ATX motherboards are larger than standard ATX and may require compatible cases with extra width to accommodate their size.
These are just a few examples of motherboard form factors, and there are others tailored for specific purposes or niche applications. When building a PC, it's important to ensure compatibility between the motherboard form factor, case size, and other components to create a balanced and functional system.
